kommunistische partei china englisch

[79] Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin's successor as General Secretary, took office in 2002. [181] The few reports accessible to the general public are those about North Korean economic reforms. Natürlich auch als App. For instance, Hu Jintao stated in 2012 that the Western world is "threatening to divide us" and that "the international culture of the West is strong while we are weak ... Ideological and cultural fields are our main targets". The process, which literally translates to "double regulation", aims to extract confessions from members accused of violating party rules. US-Außenminister Mike Pompeo hat die in China regierende Kommunistische Partei als „die zentrale Bedrohung unserer Zeit“ für westliche Prinzipien bezeichnet. [123] The CCP's relationship with other parties is based on the principle of "long-term coexistence and mutual supervision, treating each other with full sincerity and sharing weal or woe. Other reported techniques include the use of induced hallucinations, with one subject of this method reporting that "In the end I was so exhausted, I agreed to all the accusations against me even though they were false. Li Lisan was able to assume de facto control of the party organization by 1929–30. [159] The relevant CCP organization is responsible for observing and educating probationary members. [166], According to Article 53 of the CCP constitution, "the Party emblem and flag are the symbol and sign of the Communist Party of China. Congressman Scott Perry introduced legislation to add the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to the Top International Criminal Organizations Target (TICOT) List and provide the United States law enforcement agencies a strategic directive to target the CCP's activity. "[155] To join, an applicant has to be between the ages of 14 and 28. [155] Therefore, in a peculiar situation, CYL bodies are both responsible to higher bodies within CYL and the CCP, a distinct organization. [38][note 2] Sun eased the conflict between the communists and their opponents. ", "It is my will to join the Communist Party of China, uphold the Party's program, observe the provisions of the Party constitution, fulfill a Party member's duties, carry out the Party's decisions, strictly observe Party discipline, guard Party secrets, be loyal to the Party, work hard, fight for communism throughout my life, be ready at all times to sacrifice my all for the Party and the people, and never betray the Party. [76] In 1997, Deng's beliefs (Deng Xiaoping Theory), were embedded in the CCP constitution. This value is similar to the social security and employment expenditure of the whole town—RMB 1,683,064.90. [55] After being expelled from the party, Chen Duxiu went on to lead China's Trotskyist movement. "[155] At the beginning of its history, the CCP did not have a single official standard for the flag, but instead allowed individual party committees to copy the flag of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [116] The concept has its origins back to Vladimir Lenin and the Russian Bolshevik Party. [155], A local party congress has many of the same duties as the National Congress, and it is responsible for examining the report of the local Party Committee at the corresponding level; examining the report of the local Commission for Discipline Inspection at the corresponding level; discussing and adopting resolutions on major issues in the given area; and electing the local Party Committee and the local Commission for Discipline Inspection at the corresponding level. Dann deaktivieren Sie AdBlock für LEO oder spenden Sie! According to this report, the fiscal Revenue amounted to RMB 29,498,933.58, and CCP organization' expenditures amounted to RMB 1,660,115.50, that is, 5.63% of fiscal revenue is used by the CCP for its own operation. [60] The objective was clearing "Central China, strengthening North China, and recovering Northeast China. examining the report of the outgoing Central Committee; examining the report of the outgoing CCDI; discussing and enacting party policies; and, This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 07:11. prohibit entirely, to put the lock on all development of private, non-state exchange, i.e., trade, i.e., capitalism, which is inevitable with millions of small producers ... such a policy would be foolish and suicidal for the party that tried to apply it. [97] According to Robert Lawrence Kuhn, a China analyst, "When I first heard this rationale, I thought it more comic than clever—a wry caricature of hack propagandists leaked by intellectual cynics. The Communist Party of China (CPC; simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; traditional Chinese: 中國共產黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng), commonly known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). [143] These relations are sought so that the CCP can learn from them. [30] The congress elected Chen as the first general secretary. [117] At the level of the central party leadership this means that, for instance, all members of the Politburo Standing Committee are of equal standing (each member having only one vote). [59] The second stage, lasting from July 1946 to June 1947, saw the KMT extend its control over major cities, such as Yan'an (the CCP headquarters for much of the war). Anmeldung und Nutzung des Forums sind kostenlos. [55] The conflict with the KMT led to the reorganization of the Red Army, with power now centralized in the leadership through the creation of CCP political departments charged with supervising the army. [195] The CCP followed this with great interest, laying most weight on reform efforts within the British Labour Party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany. [145] The various offices of the "Central Leading Groups", such as the Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office, the Taiwan Affairs Office, and the Central Finance Office, also report to the central committee during a plenary session. [155][156] These committees play a key role in directing local policy by selecting local leaders and assigning critical tasks. [87] As has been speculated, Xi Jinping may not retire from his top posts after serving for 10 years in 2022. When the National Congress is not in session, the Central Committee is the highest body, but since the body meets normally only once a year most duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee, members of the latter seen as the top leadership of the Party and the State. [70] By that time, Mao had begun saying that the "continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat" stipulated that class enemies continued to exist even though the socialist revolution seemed to be complete, leading to the Cultural Revolution in which millions were persecuted and killed. → People's Liberation Army), "Communist Party of China" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters, "Since 1978 China has to a certain extent shifted its political philosophical discourse. [159] Probationary members have duties similar to those of full members, with the exception that they may not vote in party elections nor stand for election. [155] Members enjoy the privilege of attending Party meetings, reading relevant Party documents, receiving Party education, participating in Party discussions through the Party's newspapers and journals, making suggestions and proposal, making "well-grounded criticism of any Party organization or member at Party meetings" (even of the central party leadership), voting and standing for election, and of opposing and criticizing Party resolutions ("provided that they resolutely carry out the resolution or policy while it is in force"); and they have the ability "to put forward any request, appeal, or complaint to higher Party organizations, even up to the Central Committee, and ask the organizations concerned for a responsible reply. [105] The theory is most notable for allowing capitalists, officially referred to as the "new social strata", to join the party on the grounds that they engaged in "honest labor and work" and through their labour contributed "to build[ing] socialism with Chinese characteristics. [125] The General Office is the party's "nerve centre", in charge of day-to-day administrative work, including communications, protocol, and setting agendas for meetings. [134] The Secretariat is the top implementation body of the Central Committee, and can make decisions within the policy framework established by the Politburo; it is also responsible for supervising the work of organizations that report directly into the Central Committee, for example departments, commissions, publications, and so on. [63], Stalin proposed a one-party constitution when Liu Shaoqi visited the Soviet Union in 1952. Data for the proportion of total CCP organizations’ expenditures in total China fiscal revenue is unavailable. [155] The number of delegates and the procedures for their election are decided by the local party committee, but must also have the approval of the next higher party committee. [27] Many workers and peasants arrested, tried or murdered other people at will. However that decision must be approved by the next higher level of the local party committee. [94], While non-Chinese analysts generally agree that the CCP has rejected orthodox Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought (or at least basic thoughts within orthodox thinking), the CCP itself disagrees. 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[69], During the 1960s and 1970s, the CCP experienced a significant ideological separation from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. [55] At every level of the party this was duplicated, with standing committees now in effective control. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'SUCHWORT' in LEOs Englisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. [114] Because of this there is considerable optimism within the CCP that despite the current capitalist dominance of globalization, globalization can be turned into a vehicle supporting socialism. The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation", "General Secretary of CPC Central Committee", "Chinese power play: Xi Jinping creates a national security council", "Communist Party mouthpiece People's Daily launches English news app in soft power push", "Constitution of the Communist Party of China", "China's Communist Party worries about its grassroots weakness", "Membership in the Communist Party of China: Who is Being Admitted and How? [119], The CCP's organizational principle is democratic centralism, which is based on two principles: democracy (synonymous in official discourse with "socialist democracy" and "inner-party democracy") and centralism. [97] Alternatively, certain party theorists argue that "capitalism is the early or first stage of communism. [90] Before the "Practice Is the Sole Criterion for the Truth [zh]" campaign, the relationship between ideology and decision-making was a deductive one, meaning that policy-making was derived from ideological knowledge. Klicken Sie einfach auf ein Wort, um die Ergebnisse erneut angezeigt zu bekommen. Supporters viewed it as a further development of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The flag sleeve (pole hem) is in white and 6.5 cm in width. [59] With the cooperation of the Americans and the Japanese, the KMT was able to retake major parts of the country. [155], Vacancies in a Party Committee shall be filled by an alternate members according to the order of precedence, which is decided by the number of votes an alternate member got during his or hers election. "[79] The theory legitimized the entry of private business owners and bourgeois elements into the party. [113] They insist that socialism, on the basis of historical materialism, will eventually triumph over capitalism. [56] The Second United Front was established between the CCP and the KMT to tackle the invasion. Tippen Sie Pinyin-Silben ein, um die chinesischen Kurz-Zeichen vorgeschlagen zu bekommen. [136] Unlike the collective leadership ideal of other party organs, the CMC chairman acts as commander-in-chief with full authority to appoint or dismiss top military officers at will. [184], There is a considerable degree of interest in Cuba within the CCP. [193] The CCP credits the European social democrats with creating a "capitalism with a human face". "[155] The local Standing Committee (analogous to the Central Politburo) is elected at the first plenum of the corresponding Party Committee after the local party congress. The dimension of the pole hem is not included in the measure of the flag. ", "[...] their theory that capitalism is the ultimate has been shaken, and socialist development has experienced a miracle. [71], Following Mao's death in 1976, a power struggle between CCP Chairman Hua Guofeng and Vice-chairman Deng Xiaoping erupted. [55] The result was increased centralization of power within the party . In "Maos langer Schatten" beschreibt der China-Forscher Daniel Leese eindrucksvoll, wie die Kommunistische Partei nach Maos Tod mühsam um die Aufarbeitung seiner Verbrechen stritt. In the center of the upper-left corner (a quarter of the length and width to the border) is a yellow hammer-and-sickle 30 cm in diameter. [119] In practice, the core was not responsible to the collective leadership. Sie steht über den Gesetzen. [75] The protests having been crushed, Deng's vision on economics prevailed, and by the early 1990s the concept of a socialist market economy had been introduced. [80] Unlike Mao, Deng and Jiang Zemin, Hu laid emphasis on collective leadership and opposed one-man dominance of the political system. [90] The party itself, however, argues otherwise. [141] The CC also has direct control over the Central Policy Research Office, which is responsible for researching issues of significant interest to the party leadership,[144] the Central Party School, which provides political training and ideological indoctrination in communist thought for high-ranking and rising cadres,[145] the Party History Research Centre, which sets priorities for scholarly research in state-run universities and the Central Party School,[146] and the Compilation and Translation Bureau, which studies and translates the classical works of Marxism. Um Vokabeln speichern und später lernen zu können, müssen Sie angemeldet sein. [182] Fidel Castro, the former First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC), is greatly admired, and books have been written focusing on the successes of the Cuban Revolution. Frank Pieke, The Good Communist: Elite Training and State Building in Today’s China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009). [63] There is a largely separate group of professionalized military officers, serving under top CCP leadership largely through formal relationships within institutional channels. [85] Xi's leadership has also overseen an increase in the Party's role in China. [52][53][54], The near-destruction of the CCP's urban organizational apparatus led to institutional changes within the party. This is the only system that can give full expression to democracy with full powers vested in the people's congresses at all levels and, at the same time, guarantee centralized administration with the governments at each level exercising centralized management of all the affairs entrusted to them by the people's congresses at the corresponding level and safeguarding whatever is essential to the democratic life of the people". [124], The National Congress is the party's highest body, and, since the 9th National Congress in 1969, has been convened every five years (prior to the 9th Congress they were convened on an irregular basis). On July 5, he attended a meeting of Russian communists in China to promote the establishment of the CCP. Übersetzung von Deutsch nach Englisch ist aktiviert. For example, classical Marxism expresses the relationship between economics and politics, and further, the economic base and superstructure where the latter is determined fundamentally by the former and only under certain limited conditions can the latter shape the former. [40] Chiang Kai-shek, Sun's assistant, was not actively anti-Communist at that time,[41] even though he hated the theory of class struggle and the CCP's seizure of power. [61], On 1 October 1949, Chairman Mao Zedong formally proclaimed the establishment of the PRC before a massive crowd at Tiananmen Square. [159] According to the CCP constitution, a member, in short, must follow orders, be disciplined, uphold unity, serve the Party and the people, and promote the socialist way of life. Das Sozialkredit-System (SKS, chinesisch 社会信用体系, Pinyin shèhuì xìnyòng tǐxì, englisch Social Credits) ist ein online betriebenes Rating- bzw. Now He Faces Prosecution", "Perry Introduces Bill to Protect Americans from Chinese Criminal Activity", "STATEMENT BY THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCERNING THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION OF UYGHURS AND OTHER TURKIC MUSLIMS IN XINJIANG, CHINA", "Canada's Parliament Labels China's Abuses in Xinjiang 'Genocide,' Urges Government Action", "China slams Canada after report calls Uighur policy 'genocide, "Canadian MPs deem China's actions vs Uyghurs 'genocide, "Accountability and Inequality in Single-Party Regimes: A Comparative Analysis of Vietnam and China", "The Communist Party of China and Ideology", "Edging in from the Cold: The Past and Present State of Chinese Intelligence Historiography", "Intra-Party Democracy in China: Should We Take It Seriously? [58] In 1939 the KMT began to restrict CCP expansion within China. [2] The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the Kuomintang (KMT)'s Nationalist Government from mainland China to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China on 1 October 1949. They tried to contact Wu Peifu, but failed. [76] In his report to the 14th National Congress Jiang Zemin told the delegates that the socialist state would "let market forces play a basic role in resource allocation. [199], On 1 October 2020, U.S. [27] Voitinsky found the Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International (Comintern) at Shanghai. [98] In addition, the party needs to react to the changing situation dynamically; to know if a certain policy is obsolete or not, the party had to "seek truth from facts" and follow the slogan "practice is the sole criterion for the truth". Die Kommunistische Partei Chinas fürchtet nichts mehr als offen zur Schau getragenen Dissens. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und relevante Diskussionen Kostenloser Vokabeltrainer Seine Herrschaft war eine der grausamsten, welche die Welt jemals gesehen hat: Für bis zu … [2][28], The founding National Congress of the CCP was held on 23–31 July 1921. [153] Modeled after the Soviet Nomenklatura system, the party committee's organization department at each level has the power to recruit, train, monitor, appoint, and relocate these officials. Die Kommunistische Partei China (chinesisch 中国共产党, Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) wurde im Juli 1921 in Shanghai auf der Grundlage des Marxismus und Leninismus gegründet. The CCP is officially organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Russian Marxist theoretician Vladimir Lenin which entails a democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed-upon policies. [167] According to People's Daily, "The standard party flag is 120 centimeters (cm) in length and 80 cm in width. [168] Delegates of foreign communist parties still visit China; in 2013, for instance, the General Secretary of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), Jeronimo de Sousa, personally met with Liu Qibao, a member of the Central Politburo. "[111] At the 15th National Congress, the party line was changed to "make market forces further play their role in resource allocation"; this line continued until the 3rd Plenary Session [zh] of the 18th Central Committee,[111] when it was amended to "let market forces play a decisive role in resource allocation. [164] The organizational structure of CYL is an exact copy of the CCP's; the highest body is the National Congress, followed by the Central Committee [zh], Politburo and the Politburo Standing Committee. [61] The last stage, lasting from September 1948 to December 1949, saw the communists take the initiative and the collapse of KMT rule in mainland China as a whole. Li was among the first leading Chinese intellectuals who publicly supported Leninism and world revolution. "[155] If a local Party Congress is held before or after the given date, the term of the members of the Party Committee shall be correspondingly shortened or lengthened. [58] This led to frequent clashes between CCP and KMT forces[58] but which subsided rapidly on the realisation on both sides that civil war was not an option. [114] The reason being that if globalization was purely capitalist, it would exclude an alternative socialist form of modernity. "The flag of the CCP has the length-to-width proportion of 3:2 with a hammer and sickle in the upper-left corner, and with no five-pointed star. Sie können aber jederzeit auch unangemeldet das Forum durchsuchen. The CCP emphasizes strong party-to-party relations with the KMT so as to strengthen the probability of the reunification of Taiwan with mainland China. [43] When Chiang gradually gained the support of Western countries, the conflict between him and the communists became more and more intense. He strengthened the Party by providing a modern understanding of Marxism and socialism—which is why we talk about a 'socialist market economy' with Chinese characteristics. "[84] Foreign commentators have likened him to Mao. [77] Deng Xiaoping Theory can be defined as a belief that state socialism and state planning is not by definition communist, and that market mechanisms are class neutral. [112], The CCP views the world as organized into two opposing camps; socialist and capitalist. [30] He was referred as "China's Lenin". [57] While the front formally existed until 1945, all collaboration between the two parties had ended by 1940. [59] However, KMT rule over the reconquered territories would prove unpopular because of endemic party corruption. Voitinsky met Li, and then successfully turned Chen into a communist. [55] Li Lisan's leadership was a failure, leaving the CCP on the brink of destruction. [190], Since Jiang Zemin's time, the CCP has made friendly overtures to its erstwhile foe, the Kuomintang. III, p. 519. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFLi2009 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFYu2010 (, Guo, Baogang. [67] He had not proposed that other parties should be led before,[68] although the CCP had actually controlled the most political power since 1949. Die kommunistische Partei nutzt in China den Fußball als Vorzeigebeispiel für ihr Streben nach einer gleichförmigen Gesellschaft. [99] At the 14th National Congress, Jiang reiterated Deng's mantra that it was unnecessary to ask if something was socialist or capitalist, since the important factor was whether it worked. [191] However, several studies have been written on the KMT's loss of power in 2000 after having ruled Taiwan since 1949 (the KMT officially ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949). [169] In another instance, Pierre Laurent, the National Secretary of the French Communist Party (PCF), met with Liu Yunshan, a Politburo Standing Committee member. [157][23] The Party secretary at each level is more senior than that of the leader of the government, with the CCP standing committee being the main source of power. In a word, for whatever reason both Stalin and Mao misunderstood this vital point in Marxist theory and suffered accordingly in practice. [147] The party's newspaper, the People's Daily, is under the direct control of the Central Committee[148] and is published with the objectives "to tell good stories about China and the (Party)" and to promote its party leader. They therefore believe that their party ideology must be dynamic to safeguard the party's rule. She suggested that Xi should retire. The Political Bureau authorizes the General Office to custom-make a number of standard flags and distribute them to all major organs". [87] Xi himself has described the thought as part of the broad framework created around socialism with Chinese characteristics. The CCP was founded in 1921, with the help of the Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Far Eastern Secretariat of the Communist International. "[109], Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, commonly known as Xi Jinping Thought, was added to the party constitution in the 19th National Congress. [26], In the summer of 1919, the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) decided to assist people of the Far East. [77] The concepts of "socialism with Chinese characteristics" and "the primary stage of socialism" were credited to the theory. Hinweis: Spenden an die LEO GmbH sind leider nicht steuerlich abzugsfähig. [135] The CMC is the highest decision-making institution on military affairs within the party, and controls the operations of the People's Liberation Army. [192] While the CCP was slow to recognize the pink tide in Latin America, it has strengthened party-to-party relations with several socialist and anti-American political parties over the years. [55] By 1935 Mao had become the party's Politburo Standing Committee member and informal military leader, with Zhou Enlai and Zhang Wentian, the formal head of the party, serving as his informal deputies. Most substantive discussion takes place before the congress, in the preparation period, among a group of top party leaders. [58], Mao Zedong became the Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party in 1945. [86] Xi has added his ideology, named after himself, into the CCP constitution in 2017. [123] These consultations contribute, at least in theory, to the formation of the country's basic policy in the fields of political, economic, cultural and social affairs. "[188] While the CCP accepts that Singapore is a liberal democracy, they view it as a guided democracy led by the PAP. [155] A Party Committee must convene for at least two plenary meetings a year. Chinas Kommunistische Partei wertet Staatschef Xi zu ihrem "Kern" auf Veröffentlicht am 27.10.2016 | Lesedauer: 2 Minuten Chinas Staatschef Xi Jinping im September USCC - China's Overseas United Front Work - Background and Implications for the United States.pdf 1,275 × 1,650, 39 pages; 1.13 MB Wang Guangya.jpg 194 … [178] In recent years, noting the self-reform of the European social democratic movement in the 1980s and 1990s, the CCP "has noted the increased marginalization of West European communist parties. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchram1966112–113 (. "[188] According to the CCP's own analysis of Singapore, the PAP's dominance can be explained by its "well-developed social network, which controls constituencies effectively by extending its tentacles deeply into society through branches of government and party-controlled groups. Mao Zedong was appointed commander-in-chief of one Red Army, and led the Autumn Harvest Uprising. [33][34] Then they found the KMT, a party founded by Sun Yat-sen, which was leading the Guangzhou government to confront the Northern government. [183] Circa 2008 there are those analysts who compare the current situation of North Korea with that of China during the Cultural Revolution. 1955 wird Li Keqiang in Hefei geboren. [60] The third stage, lasting from July 1947 to August 1948, saw a limited counteroffensive by the CCP. The CCP claims it origins in the May Fourth Movement of 1919, during which radical Western ideologies like anarchism and Marxism gained traction among Chinese intellectuals. He went missing in March after criticizing Xi, and later his case was passed to the judiciary system for criminal investigation. [...] It is also a political party of the parliamentary system, not a revolutionary party. Vertiefen Sie sich in die englische und deutsche Grammatik von LEO - mit tausenden Beispielen! [158], —Communist Party of China Admission Oath[159], To join the party, an applicant must be approved by the communist party. [78] In the 1990s, the CCP transformed from a veteran revolutionary leadership that was both leading militarily and politically, to a political elite increasingly regenerated according to institutionalized norms in the civil bureaucracy. [155] A Standing Committee exercises the duties and responsibilities of the corresponding Party Committee when it is not in session. [192], Circa 2008, the CCP has been especially interested in Latin America,[192] as shown by the increasing number of delegates sent to and received from these countries.

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